The Islamic Golden Age was an extraordinary time in human history, marked by exemplary intellectual and cultural flourishing. During this period of enlightenment, Abu Zayd Al-Balkhi, an exceptional 9th-century Muslim scholar and polymath, emerged, leaving an indelible mark on numerous fields of knowledge. Abu Zayd Al-Balkhi was born in 850 CE in Shamistiyan, a Persian village in the province of Balkh, Khorasan, in what is now Afghanistan. His outstanding contributions to geography, astronomy, mathematics, medicine, neuroscience, psychology, and science demonstrated the period’s intellectual vitality. The Islamic Golden Age spanning from the 8th to 14th centuries was marked by significant advancements in various fields that had a lasting impact on human civilization, for example, the rise of extraordinary polymaths.

At the heart of Abu Zayd Al-Balkhi’s achievements lies the fusion of Islamic scholarship with the wisdom of ancient civilizations. His versatility and breadth of knowledge reflected the multidimensional brilliance that defined this transformative era.

He studied under Al-Kindi, who is commonly referred to, in certain sources, as the “father of Arab philosophy.” He built upon the groundwork established by renowned scholars like Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina, incorporating their valuable insights with his distinctive contributions. The exchange of ideas, the synthesis of knowledge, and the intellectual spirit were what motivated scholars during the Golden Age of Islam.

During this learning period for Abu Zayd Al-Balkhi, he lived in a time when scholars translated texts from the Greek language into the Arabic language. This helped preserve and spread knowledge that would have been lost otherwise. Islamic scholars made original contributions to various fields through their own research and experimentation. A prime example is Al-Khwarizmi’s contribution to algebra, which revolutionized mathematics and paved the way for modern calculus.

Similarly, Abu Zayd Al Balkhi’s writings exhibit his superior intellect, broad interests, and profound knowledge of traditional Arabic culture, political and ethical thought, and the Hellenistic philosophical and scientific tradition. On the other hand, he was able to explain intricate concepts in straightforward language in his writings.

The majority of what we know about Al-Balkhi’s life comes from one biographer, Yaqut al-Hamawi. In Mu’jam al-Udaba, Hamawi writes that when Balkhi spoke, it was as if “a shower of gems had fallen.” People who knew him described him as a shy and contemplative person. Balkhi preferred seclusion and contemplation over socializing with friends.

Abu Zayd Al-Balkhi wrote over 60 books and manuscripts. Regrettably, only a small percentage of his documents have survived to the present day, with the possibility that some may be hidden within the confines of museums or inaccessible libraries. The intellectual prowess of the scholar is evident in his works on the “Sustenance of the Soul” and the “Balkhi School” of terrestrial mapping. In The Kitāb al-Fihrist (The Book of Catalogue) compiled by Ibn Al-Nadim, he attributes several works to Al-Balkhi including the Excellency of Mathematics, on Certitude in Astrology, and Figures of the Climates.

Abu Zayd al-Balkhi’s contributions to the fields of psychology and medicine are highly regarded for their significance. He has made noteworthy advancements in the field of human psychology. His understanding of mental health was notably advanced, exceeding the prevailing knowledge of his time:

He has delved into various fields demonstrating his extensive knowledge and brilliance. It’s interesting to think about the profound insights and immense wealth of knowledge that could have been gained from his enigmatic texts that have vanished into the mists of time. Still, Abu Zayd al-Balkhi’s achievementsdemonstrate the impact of scholars working together and the significance of promoting a culture that stimulates originality and ingenuity dating as far back as the Golden Age.

About the Author:

Famidah Dirampaten is the Assistant Editor for the World Hijab Day Organization. She is also a candidate for the Master of Arts in Religious Studies with concentrations in Interfaith Peace Building and Nonprofit Leadership at the Unification Theological Seminary in New York. She is currently based in Doha, Qatar. When she’s not busy weaving words or volunteering her time, you can find her soaking up the joy of motherhood. Instagram@famidz

The post A Polymath of the Islamic Golden Age appeared first on World Hijab Day.

We are familiar with Leonardo Da Vinci’s invention of the glider in 1496 and The Wright Brothers’ invention of the first aircraft in 1903, however, the first signs of human flight date as far back as the year 875 CE. We will learn about Abbas Ibn Firnas (810-887) and Hazerfen Ahmet Çeleb  (1609-1640), both of whom created their own flying machines and boldly put their experimentation into action as they took off into flight in their home countries.

The earliest story of human flight was discovered in an 11th-century manuscript in the 1930’s. It had been lost afterward, but rediscovered in the 1990’s. It told the story of Abbas Ibn Firnas (810-887), belonging to the Berber tribe, famous for having conquered Spain under the command of Tariq Bin Ziyad. He used his knowledge of medicine, science and astrology to create a flying machine. After having analyzed the skeleton of a bird’s wing, Abbas created something of a similar shape with a lightweight wooden frame, the wings spanning about four to five meters. To tie it altogether and to provide a cover, Abbas used silk, the strongest material he could think of. Beneath it all, he created a harnessing system that would allow him to control the flight as well as land.

Between the age of 65 to 70, Abbas took his wings to Qurtuba Al-Andalus (Cordoba, Spain), one of the most bustling parts of the Muslim world. He climbed up the hills of Jabal Al-’Arus and jumped off, gliding for what witnesses claimed was about 10 minutes. Panic most likely overtook him when landing because he had realized that he had focused so much of his time experimenting the flight and not enough on the landing. Abbas sustained injuries due to the speed of his landing. He never flew again, but he spent the last 12 years of his life wondering what had gone wrong. He came to the conclusion that he had forgotten to build a tail! Regardless, he had made history, one that was worthy of NASA. NASA named a crater on the moon after Ibn Firnas.

Another inspirational historical Muslim who had successfully attempted flight was Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi (1609-1640). He was an Ottoman Turk with the titles, scientist, inventor, astronomer, physician, musician and poet. Hezarfen was always fascinated with birds and flight. Inspired by Leonardo Da Vinci’s sketches (although evidence is lacking whether or not Da Vinci actually attempted flight/gliding), Hezarfen created a pair of wings he dubbed, “eagle wings” between 1630-1632. He tried to fly over a pulpit of Okmeydani about eight or nine times before attempting the big leap! At noon, Hazerfen caught the force of the wind enough to take off from the top of the Galata Tower (now known as Karaköy) and successfully landed in the Doğancılar Square in Üsküdar. He had flown an estimated 3558 meters. The people went wild with excitement and Sultan Murat IV of the Ottoman Empire rewarded Hezarfen with gold, but not before exiling him to Algeria in 1640 where he spent the rest of his days. Why? According to sources, Sultan Murad IV said of Hezarfen, “This man is very dangerous and has evil forces. He can create problems for us in time” and “This man is uncanny: he is capable of doing anything he wishes. It is not right to surround oneself with such people.”

However, not even an emperor could stifle the advances of science and technology as we see how much the world has developed and continues to develop. 1400 years ago, even the Qur’an foretold that this would happen: “You will ride layer upon layer” (84:19) and “You cannot escape (Allah’s might), on earth or in the sky; and you have no protector and no savior besides Allah” (29:22). Words like “layer upon layer” and “sky” seem prominent here and let us continue to be inspired by not only these words, but also by two fathers of aeronautics: Abbas Ibn Firnas and Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi.

About the Author:

Rumki Chowdhury is Editor of World Hijab Day Organization. Moreover, she is a professional editor and an award-winning published author and poet. She has an MA in English Literature from Queen Mary University of London, a BA in English Writing from William Paterson University of New Jersey and an English Subject Teaching Degree from Gävle Högskolan in Stockholm, Sweden. She speaks Bengali and Swedish fluently! She has years of experience in the media and publishing worlds. Rumki lives with her husband and their three daughters.

Instagram and Facebook @rumkitheauthor

Twitter @rumkichowdhury

The post FIRST SIGNS OF HUMAN FLIGHT BY MUSLIMS appeared first on World Hijab Day.

Note: This is a continuation from the previous article (Part I). 

While Aisha (RA) was a respected figure in her community and a powerful force in the early Islamic world, she also faced significant challenges and controversies during her lifetime. Here are some examples of evidence that debunks these controversies:

Allegation of Marrying Too Young

The allegations that have been made about the Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) marriage to Aisha (RA) need to be addressed. This topic has been the subject of much debate and controversy, and it is important that we approach it with a critical and open mind. Let’s go into the background and see how everything fits together historically. This is noteworthy because it provides insight into the social mores of the time in which Aisha lived.

It’s worth mentioning that Aisha was already engaged to another man before she married the Prophet (SAW), which speaks to the complexity of marriage practices during that era. This provides us with valuable insight into the cultural norm of forging matrimonial alliances between families at an early age, which was deemed socially acceptable.

Additionally, the fact that women during her time reached maturity at a relatively young age is a testament to the unique social and biological factors at play.

Throughout the course of his life and beyond, the Prophet (SAW) faced numerous accusations. However, it is noteworthy that none of these allegations pertain to his union with Aisha (RA). Even in the aftermath of his passing, not a single recorded complaint or statement about their marriage can be found. It is widely acknowledged that the Prophet (SAW) was an exemplary husband and that their union was characterized by an exceptional degree of happiness and harmony.

At a young age, Aisha (RA) bore witness to the passing of the esteemed Prophet (SAW). For over four and a half decades following this event, she spoke of him with the utmost affection and admiration until her own passing. It is imperative to note that the allegations made by the contemporary media regarding the sanctity of this marriage lack any factual basis. There is no documented evidence to corroborate these assertions.

Allegation of Infidelity

Another controversy surrounding Aisha (RA) is the allegation that she was unfaithful to Prophet Muhammad (SAW). This assertion is based on a single incident in which the caravan left Aisha (RA) behind, and Safwan ibn al-Muattal later discovered her. Some of Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) detractors used this incident to spread rumors that Aisha (RA) had committed adultery. However, the Quran itself testifies to Aisha’s (RA) innocence and purity in Surah An-Nur: “Indeed, those who came with falsehood are a group among you. Do not think it is bad for you; rather, it is good for you. For every person among them is what [punishment] he has earned from the sin, and he who took upon himself the greater portion thereof—for him is a great punishment. Why, when you heard it, did not the believing men and believing women think well of one another and say, “’This is an obvious falsehood’?” (Quran 24:11-12) This incident not only exonerated Aisha but also highlighted her innocence and the importance of evidence and due process in Islamic law.

Allegation of Involvement in the Assassination of Uthman Ibn Affan (RA)

One of the most significant controversies surrounding Aisha’s (RA) life is the accusation of her involvement in the assassination of Uthman Ibn Affan (RA). Uthman was the third caliph of the Islamic community and was assassinated in the year 656. There are reports that suggest that Aisha (RA) was involved in the rebellion against Uthman’s rule and may have played a role in his assassination.

However, there is lack of credible evidence to support this accusation. Most of the reports accusing Aisha (RA) of involvement in Uthman’s assassination are unreliable and considered to be biased and politically motivated. According to the Islamic scholar Dr. Mustafa al-Azami, the reports accusing Aisha (RA) of involvement in Uthman’s assassination are “uncorroborated and cannot be relied upon.”

Additionally, there are several pieces of evidence that contradict this accusation. For example, Aisha was not in Madinah at the time of Uthman’s assassination and did not return until after his death. Additionally, Aisha was not a part of the group that was responsible for the rebellion against Uthman’s rule, and she even tried to mediate between the opposing factions to prevent violence. Islamic scholars like Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and Imam al-Bukhari have written works that support these facts. 

The Accusation of Inciting the Battle of the Camel

Perhaps the most significant controversy surrounding Aisha is the accusation that she incited the Battle of the Camel, a major conflict that occurred shortly after the death of the third caliph, Uthman Ibn Affan (RA). Some historians have argued that Aisha’s (RA) involvement in the conflict was a power grab aimed at securing her own position of influence within the Islamic community. However, there is evidence to suggest that Aisha’s (RA) motivations were more complex than this. According to many sources, Aisha (RA) was initially hesitant to support the rebellion against Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA), the fourth caliph, and only agreed to participate after being convinced by others. In fact, some historians suggest that Aisha’s (RA) initial intention was to reconcile the two opposing sides, but the situation escalated and resulted in a battle. Furthermore, Aisha’s (RA) role in the conflict was not purely militaristic; she also sought to negotiate a peaceful resolution to the conflict and played a significant role in the post-battle reconciliation efforts.

There is no credible evidence to suggest that Aisha (RA) was opposed to Ali Ibn Abi Talib (RA). In fact, there are several hadiths that describe the close relationship between Aisha and Ali and their mutual respect for each other (Siddiqui, 2014).

Allegation of Being a Divisive Figure in Islamic History

Some scholars have criticized Aisha for being a divisive figure in Islamic history despite her contributions to the early Islamic tradition. This criticism is often based on claims that her actions and beliefs contributed to the fragmentation of the Muslim community. However, this claim is also unsupported by evidence, and there are several reasons to believe that Aisha (RA) was a unifying force in early Islam.

In fact, Aisha (RA) played a significant role in the unification of the Muslim community after the assassination of Uthman Ibn Affan (RA). She worked with other prominent figures, including Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf and Talha ibn Ubayd Allah, to resolve the conflict and choose a new leader for the community. Aisha (RA) supported Ali ibn Abi Talib’s candidacy for the caliphate, which ultimately led to his appointment as the fourth caliph.

It is important to remember that Aisha (RA) was a complex figure who played an important role in shaping Islamic history. While she faced significant challenges and controversies during her lifetime, she also contributed to the Islamic tradition in many positive ways. She was a respected scholar of hadith and played an important role in the early development of Islamic law. 

As we reflect on Aisha’s life and legacy, we must also acknowledge the challenges that women, particularly Muslim women, still face in our world today. Despite the progress that has been made in recent years, women continue to face discrimination and marginalization in many parts of the world. In the Islamic world, there are still many misconceptions and stereotypes about women’s roles and capabilities that need to be challenged and dismantled.

Aisha’s story serves as a powerful reminder of the strength and resilience of Muslim women and the important contributions they have made throughout history. Her life is a testament to the power of women’s voices and the importance of standing up for what we believe in.

In the words of Aisha herself, “The best women are the riders of the camels, and the righteous among them are the women of Quraysh.” This quote from Aisha is a testament to her strong and independent spirit. In this statement, Aisha is praising the women of the Quraysh tribe, who were known for their bravery, intellect, and dignity. The Quraysh were a powerful and influential tribe in Arabia, and Aisha’s affirmation of the women of this tribe as the “best” reflects the high regard in which she held them.

Aisha’s emphasis on women who were skilled riders of camels is also significant. In pre-Islamic Arabian society, camel riding was a skill mainly associated with men, and women were typically confined to domestic roles. Aisha’s quote highlights the importance of women’s agency, skill, and dignity in Islamic society. Her words resonate even today, serving as a source of inspiration and empowerment for women across the Muslim world and beyond.

About the Author:

Famidah Dirampaten is the Assistant Editor for the World Hijab Day Organization. She is also a candidate for the Master of Arts in Religious Studies with concentrations in Interfaith Peace Building and Nonprofit Leadership at the Unification Theological Seminary in New York. She is currently based in Doha, Qatar. When she’s not busy weaving words or volunteering her time, you can find her soaking up the joy of motherhood. Instagram@famidz

The post Aisha bint Abu Bakr: Contrary to the Controversies – Part II appeared first on World Hijab Day.

I thought long and hard about how to discuss exceptional Muslim women from all across the world and throughout history. Should I talk about Malala Yusufsai, who grasped the need for education at a young age and was willing to risk her life to pursue it, and Tawakkol Karman, known as the “Mother of the Revolution” in Yemen, both of whom won the Nobel Peace Prize in their lifetimes? Who, for that matter, is among the countless women whose ingenuity, bravery, and tenacity molded modern society and changed the course of history?

After some thought, I realized that I could not answer the questions I set out to explore during this International Muslim History Month (iMHM) without highlighting the contributions of Aisha Bint Abu Bakr (RA), the beloved wife of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). It is only fitting that we reflect on her life and legacy. As someone who appreciates the power of storytelling to change minds, challenge assumptions, and inspire action, I believe that Aisha’s (RA) story deserves to be told and retold not just for its historical significance but for the valuable lessons that can be learned from her life and example.

It is important at this time and era to discuss the lives of remarkable women in history’s golden pages. While I respect cultural and religious relativism, it is my hope that discussing Aisha’s life and legacy will help dispel some myths regarding the historical status of women in Islamic societies and pique your curiosity about the early modern Islamic world, urging you to explore it further.

Throughout history, Muslim women have played an immensely significant role, particularly during the time of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), who lived during the 7th century, and the rightly guided caliphs who followed in his footsteps. Aisha (RA) has earned the respect of millions of Muslims as the Prophet’s most adored wife. While this honorable affiliation certainly stands out, her life has also been characterized by a number of compelling incidents that have since sparked heated sectarian debate among Muslims. The depiction of Aisha (RA) as an authority on legal traditions and a transmitter of Quranic passages in several medieval Sunni writings is attracting more and more scholarly attention. Therefore, many contemporary Muslims still place great value on her reputation as an intellectual figure and influential scholar.

A Woman of Great Intellect, Strength, and Independence

She was a wife, a scholar, and a political leader who made significant contributions to the growth and development of Islam.

Aisha (RA) was born in Mecca in 614 CE. She was the daughter of Abu Bakr (RA), who would later become the first caliph of Islam, and his wife, Umm Ruman (RA). Aisha (RA) grew up in a household that was deeply committed to the Islamic faith, and her father played an essential role in the early Muslim community’s formation.

Several major wars, including Badr, Uhud, and Al-Khandaq (the Ditch), took place during her marriage to the Prophet (SAW). Aisha (RA) took part in all of them, delivering water to the Muslim fighters and assisting with the care of the injured. One story that illustrates Aisha’s strength and resilience is her role in the Battle of Uhud. During this battle, the Prophet was injured, and many of his companions were killed. Aisha was one of the women who tended to the wounded and helped to bury the dead.

One of the most important lessons we can learn from Aisha is the importance of standing up for what we believe in, even in the face of opposition and adversity. Aisha is a perfect example of how standing up for one’s beliefs is crucial to making a difference in society. She was known for not being afraid to speak her mind, even when her views were unpopular. She was a strong and independent woman who was not afraid to challenge authority and fight for her beliefs.

The Importance of Islamic Scholarship

Another lesson we can learn from Aisha (RA) is the importance of education and learning. Aisha was known for her intelligence, wit, and deep knowledge of Islamic law and tradition. She was a respected teacher and scholar who was known for her insightful and engaging lectures.

Aisha (RA) was also a scholar and teacher to many of the Prophet’s (SAW) companions, and her contributions to Islamic scholarship cannot be overstated. Aisha was known for her impeccable memory and was one of the few people who had memorized the entire Qur’an. After the death of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), there were concerns about the accuracy of the Qur’an’s preservation. Aisha (RA) played a key role in ensuring that knowledge was preserved.

Aisha (RA) challenged Abdullah ibn Abbas, a famous scholar and jurist, to a debate on a particular point of Islamic law, and the two engaged in a heated discussion. Aisha (RA) ultimately emerged as the victor, and Ibn Abbas humbly acknowledged the superior soundness of Aisha’s (RA) argument. This story is a powerful example of Aisha’s (RA) intelligence and her willingness to challenge and engage in debate and discussion with the scholars and leaders of her time. Moreover, one of Aisha’s most significant contributions to the formation of Islamic tradition was her expertise in hadith, which are the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

There are countless stories and anecdotes about Aisha (RA) that highlight her remarkable achievements and unwavering spirit. One of my favorite stories is the time when a man came to Aisha (RA) and asked her about the Prophet’s (SAW) character. Aisha (RA) responded by saying, “His character was the Quran.” This statement speaks to the depth of Aisha’s knowledge and understanding of Islam, as well as her devotion to the Prophet (SAW). 

In addition to her contributions to hadith, Aisha was also a skilled jurist and scholar of Islamic law. She was known for her deep understanding of the Quran and her ability to interpret its teachings in light of the social and political context of her time. Aisha’s knowledge of Islamic jurisprudence was well-known during her lifetime, and scholars and jurists still frequently refer to her judgments and opinions today. 

Advocacy for Justice and Equality

Perhaps Aisha’s most powerful legacy is her advocacy for justice and equality. She was a fearless advocate for the oppressed and marginalized, and she spoke out against injustice and oppression wherever she saw it. One incident that exemplifies Aisha’s dedication to justice and equality is her support for a group of women whose husbands were oppressing them. Aisha intervened on their behalf, and her advocacy helped bring about justice for these women.

One of the most remarkable things about Aisha (RA) was her ability to hold her own in a male-dominated society. She was confident, outspoken, and unafraid to challenge the status quo. She challenged many of the prevailing views of her time, including the belief that women were inferior to men.

Another story that demonstrates Aisha’s (RA) intelligence and wit is the time when she was asked how much of the Prophet’s (SAW) teachings she had memorized. She responded by saying, “The chapter concerning women.” This response is both humorous and insightful, as it speaks to the importance of women’s rights and the role of women in Islamic society.

Aisha (RA) was also a political leader in her own right. After the death of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), she played an active role in the leadership of the Muslim community, often advocating for the rights of women and marginalized groups. Aisha’s (RA) political influence was so significant that she was even involved in a leadership dispute that resulted in a civil war between the Muslim community’s factions. Despite this conflict, Aisha (RA) continued to be a respected leader and scholar, and her contributions to the development of Islamic thought and practice were instrumental in shaping the Muslim world.

About the Author:

Famidah Dirampaten is the Assistant Editor for the World Hijab Day Organization. She is also a candidate for the Master of Arts in Religious Studies with concentrations in Interfaith Peace Building and Nonprofit Leadership at the Unification Theological Seminary in New York. She is currently based in Doha, Qatar. When she’s not busy weaving words or volunteering her time, you can find her soaking up the joy of motherhood. Instagram@famidz

The post Aisha bint Abu Bakr: A Trailblazer for Women’s Rights – Part I appeared first on World Hijab Day.

The first Muslim female politician was also the first female scholar of Islamic studies and history, who served the Muslim community even after 44 years following the passing of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. It was her level of intelligence and memory that truly gained her recognition within the Muslim community who sought her wisdom to resolve their problems. This woman was also responsible for recording 2,210 hadiths relating to the Prophet’s ﷺ personal life, the Islamic laws of inheritance, sexual hygiene, pilgrimage and destiny or the last days of one’s life. Approximately 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide owe their knowledge of Islam to Aisha Bint Abu Bakr (614-678 AD) رضي الله عنها, the third wife of the Prophet ﷺ. 

Moreover, her contributions have earned her the title, “Umm al-muminin” or “Mother of the Believers” and her position of wife of the Prophet  ﷺ and daughter of the first caliphate, Abu Bakr  رضي الله عنها earned her the title, “Al-Siddiq/Al-Siddiqa” or “The Truthful.”

It is, however, unfortunate that people are more concerned about how old Aisha  was when she married the Prophet ﷺ rather than her admirable work. It is important to note that we are currently living in a different culture and society than they had lived in the past so marrying as a child or teenager was common at that time, including in Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire. Moving forward, let us focus on Aisha’s رضي الله عنها extraordinary accomplishments and the legacy she has left behind, one that has shaped the pathway for not only Muslims, but also non-Muslims. 

Aisha’s رضي الله عنها was born and raised in the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia, by two of the Prophet’s ﷺ most beloved companions, Abu Bakr Siddiq رضي الله عنها and Umm Ruman رضي الله عنها. They belonged to the Banū Taym tribe, one of the most influential and wealthy clans of the Quraysh. 

Regardless, Aisha رضي الله عنها  chose to live a simple, humble and impoverished life with the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ who loved her dearly. One of his companions, Anas Ibn Malik عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام asked the Prophet ﷺ, “O’ Messenger of Allah, who is the most beloved of people to you?”  the Prophet ﷺ replied, “Aisha.” There is another account where on Eid, she wished to see Africans perform with spears so the Prophet ﷺ took her to see them. The Prophet ﷺ spent most of his time in Aisha’s رضي الله عنها room, lying down on her lap, chatting to her or reciting the Qur’an. That is also the room where the Prophet ﷺ died. 

Aisha رضي الله عنها took it upon her to preserve the Qur’an by memorizing it, reciting it and teaching it to others. She also passed on Islamic teachings or hadith that included the technique of prayer or salah. The Prophet’s ﷺ companions also consulted her on matters that had to do with numbers because Aisha رضي الله عنها was an expert mathematician.

She was also gifted speaker: A Muslim commander by the name of Al-Ahnaf said, “I have heard speeches of Abu Bakr and Omar, Uthman and Ali and the Khalifa up to this day, but I have not heard speech more persuasive and more beautiful from the mouth of any person than from the mouth of A’isha.” It was this kind of eloquence that made her an exemplary political leader. 

Furthermore, she was a healer. Whenever foreigners visited and shared their knowledge of medicine with the Prophet ﷺ, Aisha رضي الله عنها listened to them and remembered the information to use these treatments and remedies on her own community members.

Aisha رضي الله عنها asked questions and challenged mistakes, including leading an army, while on camelback, into war. This was known to be “The Battle of Basra” or “The Battle of the Camel.” However, this experience also led her to live her last days in Medina where she focused less on politics and more on the knowledge of the Qur’an and Hadith, and teaching others that knowledge.

Whenever Aisha رضي الله عنها received gifts, money or an allowance from her relatives, she gave it all away to charity, leaving herself nothing. Her level of humanity, kindness and generosity was immense and is admirable. 

About the Author: 

Rumki Chowdhury is Editor of World Hijab Day Organization. Moreover, she is a professional editor and an award-winning published author and poet. She has an MA in English Literature from Queen Mary University of London, a BA in English Writing from William Paterson University of New Jersey and an English Subject Teaching Degree from Gävle Högskolan in Stockholm, Sweden. She speaks Bengali and Swedish fluently! She has years of experience in the media and publishing worlds. Rumki lives with her husband and their three daughters.

Instagram and Facebook @rumkitheauthor

Twitter @rumkichowdhury

www.rumki.com

The post The First Muslim Female Scholar and Politician appeared first on World Hijab Day.

Press Release April 5, 2023

Contact details:

info@worldhijabday.org

World to Celebrate International Muslim History Month in May 

World Hijab Day Organization (WHD) is celebrating its 3rd year of  ‘International Muslim History Month,’ for the month of May 2023. International Muslim History Month (IMHM) has already been recognized by New York State since 2021! 

Founded in 2021 by Nazma Khan, the CEO and founder of World Hijab Day Organization, the mission of this initiative is to dismantle Islamophobia globally by learning more about and celebrating rich Muslim history.  Worldwide, Islamophobia is at an all-time high from the public sector to the private sector and systematically apparent in the government sector.

• According to the American Muslim Poll 2020, 60% to 62 % of Muslims face discrimination in the United States of America. This number has been consistent for the last five years. [1]
• The 2020 Annual Report of Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) revealed that 61% of Muslim students have experienced religious-based bullying. Additionally, 33% of Muslim students have altered their appearance, behavior or names to hide the fact that they are Muslims. [2]
• A EU Minorities and Discrimination Survey found that on average one in three Muslim respondents faced discrimination and prejudice in 2017 and 27% fell victim to a racist crime. [3]

WHD Organization holds the opinion that education and awareness are the sources to dismantling hate. The goal of this global initiative is to have the world come together to learn more about and celebrate the incredible accomplishments and contributions of Muslim men and women throughout history to promote diversity, inclusion, and unity.

To that end, we will present month-long awareness through various platforms that will fulfill the following learning objectives:

1. Discover the history and background of various Muslim change-makers from the Golden Age to modern times.
2. Recognize what specific inventions, progress and/or change these Muslims have provided.
3. Illustrate the impact of these change-makers over time. 

Our theme this year is Muslim Change Makers from Golden Age to Modern Times supported by the hashtags, #GetToKnowMuslims & #MuslimHistoryMonth. 

10 Ways Individuals can Commemorate IMHM: 

1. Honor “International Muslim History Month” by posting the campaign poster on social media. To download the poster, visit: bit.ly/43bw4Wn. Include the following caption on social media: “May is International #MuslimHistoryMonth. I’m proud to honor this month by acknowledging and celebrating the incredible achievements and contributions of Muslim men and women throughout history. Join the conversation: #GetToKnowMuslims (copy/paste this post)”
2. Reach out to government officials to request a Proclamation recognizing the month of May as International Muslim History Month. See more details at bit.ly/3sMhm8k
3. Take a selfie in support of International Muslim History Month holding a visible sign with the following text: May is International #MuslimHistoryMonth (name, country). Share selfie on social with the hashtags #MuslimHistoryMonth & #GetToKnowMuslims. Tag IG/@MuslimHistoryMonth and Twitter/@MuslimHistoryM
4. Say “Salam,” which means “Peace (be upon you)” to a Muslim.
5. Post a selfie with a Muslim friend on social media with the hashtags #MuslimHistoryMonth and #GetToKnowMuslims.
6. Support a Muslim business.
7. Donate to a Muslim organization such as “World Hijab Day Organization” at bit.ly/3yXowbl  to help dismantle discrimination against Muslim girls and women in hijab (headscarf). 
8. Read a biography of an influential Muslim figure and share that story with the people around you.
9. Call out Muslim discrimination and prejudice in your community when you witness it.
10. Engage in healthy conversations about Muslim history on social media with the hashtags #MuslimHistoryMonth and #GetToKnowMuslims.

Download graphic package here. 

For Social Media Toolkit, click here. 

For Community Guide for businesses, organizations and causes, click here.  

Join Facebook event here.  

Let’s dismantle Islamophobia globally by learning, honoring, and celebrating Muslim history!

For more information, visit https://worldhijabday.com/store/Muslimhistorymonth  

For media inquiries, please contact us at info@worldhijabday.org 

Reference: 

[1] ISPU. (2021, February 5). American Muslim Poll 2020: Full Report. Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. https://www.ispu.org/american-muslim-poll-2020-full-report/

[2] CAIR Massachusetts (2020). 2020 Annual Report, Council on American-Islamic Relations Massachusetts. https://www.cairma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CAIR-MA-2020-Annual-Report.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3bDAnWwc_LDTHEi1_txQAfUj-SJ6cTmltQBruwNxc1w0EfGf452Ysf8RA

[3] “Muslims in the EU: High levels of trust despite pervasive discrimination,” European Union Agency For Fundamental Rights, September 21, 2017. https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2017/muslims-eu-high-levels-trust-despite-pervasive-discrimination

The post World to Celebrate 3rd International Muslim History Month in May  appeared first on World Hijab Day.

On Friday, May 27th, 2022, at 9:00 am Eastern, World Hijab Day Organization (WHD) will commemorate International Muslim History Month (IMHM) by presenting an educational and interactive discussion on Facebook and YouTube channels @WorldHijabDay. 

This week’s talk will focus on Muslim change-makers from history related to Discovery (i.e., inventions, exploring & innovation). Through this discussion, we will present the background of various individuals, recognizing what they were known for creating and what impact and legacy they leave on us to this day. 

Our captivating speaker for this week will be Eamonn Gearon. He is an author, educator, and public historian who has spent his professional life involved in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), including more than 20 years living in the region. For the past decade he’s been responsible for training both American and British diplomats to better understand the history and peoples of the MENA region. 

Gearon has written and filmed three lecture series on Middle Eastern history for The Great Courses, (recently rebranded as Wondrium): Turning Points in Middle Eastern History (2016); The Middle East in the Twentieth Century (2021); and The History and Achievements of the Islamic Golden Age (2017).

While an Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins-SAIS, Gearon was approached by the US Department of State to design and deliver MENA Area Studies training. Currently based in the UK, Eamonn now trains diplomats for the British Foreign Office, and is completing a DPhil at the University of Oxford, where he also co-teaches a modern Middle East history course.

As a young man, Gearon lived in the Sahara with the Bedu, and explored the great desert with a trio of camels. He is the author of The Sahara: A Cultural History (2011). Gearon is passionate about education in its broadest possible sense. This includes providing his young son with the tools to one day set forth to discover the world for himself, and helping those of us already out in the world to better understand it, and each other.

This discussion is the last of a series of four. The previous presentations have focused on Muslim Change Makers in Medicine, STEM, and Liberal Arts.  

Celebrating its second year of ‘International Muslim History Month,’ for the month of May 2022,  International Muslim History Month (IMHM) has already been recognized by the New York State in resolution J718. Our theme this year is Muslim Change Makers from Golden Age to Modern Times, using the hashtags: #HearOurHistory & #MuslimHistoryMonth. 

Founded in 2021 by Nazma Khan, the CEO and founder of World Hijab Day Organization, the mission of this initiative is to dismantle Islamophobia globally by celebrating Muslim history.  Worldwide, Islamophobia is at an all-time high from the public sector to the private sector and systematically apparent in the government sector.

• According to the American Muslim Poll 2020, 60% to 62 % of Muslims face discrimination in the United States of America. This number has been consistent for the last five years. [1]
• The 2020 Annual Report of Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) revealed that 61% of Muslim students have experienced religious-based bullying. Additionally, 33% of Muslim students have altered their appearance, behavior or names to hide the fact that they are Muslims. [2]
• A EU Minorities and Discrimination Survey found that on average, one in three Muslim respondents faced discrimination and prejudice in 2017 and 27% fell victim to a racist crime. [3]

WHD Organization holds the opinion that education and awareness are the sources to dismantling hate. The goal of this global initiative is to have the world come together to learn more about and celebrate the accomplishments of Muslim men and women from the past and the present who have shaped humanity as we know it.

Download the graphic package here. 

For the Social Media Toolkit, click here. 

For Community Guide, click here.  

Join the Facebook event here.  

Let’s dismantle Islamophobia globally by learning, honoring, and celebrating Muslim history!

For more information, visit https://worldhijabday.com/store/Muslimhistorymonth  

For media inquiries, please get in touch with us at info@worldhijabday.org

References:

[1] ISPU. (2021, February 5). American Muslim Poll 2020: Full Report. Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. https://www.ispu.org/american-muslim-poll-2020-full-report/

[2] CAIR Massachusetts (2020). 2020 Annual Report, Council on American-Islamic Relations Massachusetts. https://www.cairma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CAIR-MA-2020-Annual-Report.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3bDAnWwc_LDTHEi1_txQAfUj-SJ6cTmltQBruwNxc1w0EfGf452Ysf8RA

[3] “Muslims in the EU: High levels of trust despite pervasive discrimination,” European Union Agency For Fundamental Rights, September 21, 2017. https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2017/muslims-eu-high-levels-trust-despite-pervasive-discrimination

The post Muslim Change-makers in discovery appeared first on World Hijab Day.

“When she is a mother, paradise lies under her feet, when she isa daughter, she opens the door of Jannah for her father, and when she is a wife, she completes half of the deen (religion) of her husband,” said Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Islam places women in a great status that even a person’s entry to paradise may depend on her.

Likewise, Islam recognizes the role of women in society and in nation building. During the early Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ life, women played big roles toward the Prophet’s success in inviting people to Islam and the establishment of Islam. Some of these famous and remarkable women in included Khadijah رضي الله عنه, Fatima رضي الله عنه, and Aisha رضي الله عنه.

But in this article, we will get to know a wife of the Prophet ﷺ, who isn’t a household name, Hafsa bint Umar رضي الله عنه. She was responsible for the foundation and core of Islam, the Noble Quran.

It hasn’t been long since we celebrated the anniversary of the Quran. Many of us spent the last ten nights of Ramadan, awake and doing different forms of ibadah, Arabic for “worship,” hoping to catch Laylatul Qadr or the night of power.

It was during the month of Ramadan when the Prophet ﷺ was 40 years old, while in the cave of Hira, when Angel Jibreel (Gabriel) first came to him conveying the words of Allah. This marked the period of Muhammad’s ﷺ Prophethood that would last 23 years. Allah gradually sent down revelations to the Prophet ﷺ, through his dreams, inspirations and through Angel Jibreel.

During the lifetime of the Prophet ﷺ and even after his death, the Quran was not yet compiled. Rather, it was only memorised by heart by the companions or written on woods, on rocks or leather. Umar رضي الله عنه, one of the four rightly guided caliphs, suggested to Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه to have the Quran compiled in one mushaf (written copy). It was Zayd Ibn Thabit رضي الله عنه, who was given the duty of scribe to the Prophet ﷺ. When he passed away, the mushaf was passed on to Umar رضي الله عنه and when he died, the mushaf was kept in the house of Hafsa رضي الله عنه. Therefore, the first Quran that was compiled together was kept in the house of Hafsa رضي الله عنه.  

She was the eldest daughter of the second greatest man in Islam, Umar ibn Al-Khattab  رضي الله  عنه and her mother, Zaynab bint Al-Madh’un, sister of great companion Uthman ibn Madh’un  رضيالله عنه. Hafsa رضي الله عنه was born five years before the first message was revealed to the Prophet  ﷺ.

At a young age, she was first married to Khunais ibn Hudhafah al-Sahmi  رضي الله عنه, one of the companions of the Prophet ﷺwho witnessed the “Battle of Badr” and “Battle of Uhud” wherein he died later, succumbing to battle wounds. Hafsa  رضيالله عنه became a widow at the age of twenty-one.

As a widow, she was overcome by sadness. Heartbroken from seeing his daughter so sad, Umar رضي الله عنه offered her hand in marriage to other companions, Uthman رضي الله عنه and Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه, but both refused because they secretly knew that she was meant to marry the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

A little after a year of her widowhood, she married Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. She got along well with the other wives especially with Aisha رضي الله عنه. For one reason or another, the Prophet ﷺ divorced Hafsa رضي الله عنه when Allah sent down Angel Jibreel with a message to revoke the divorce and to reconcile because of Hafsa’s رضي الله عنه nobleness and because she would be his wife in paradise. The Prophet ﷺ immediately conformed with the command.

Although Hafsa رضي الله عنه was known for her jealousy, she was also “one who fasted and prayed a lot.” She possessed the qualities of strength and intelligence of her father, Umar رضي اللهعنه. She often engaged in discussions with the Prophet ﷺ and was one of the few literate women of her time. She was from the fuqaha or Islamic jurists who were experts in fiqh or Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic law. Moreover, she was so knowledgeable that her brother, Abdullah ibn Umar رضي الله عنه , learned from her.

Hafsa رضي الله عنه had the honor of memorizing the entire Quran by heart. She inspired other women to memorize the Quran. After the first written form of the Quran was produced, the text was given to Hafsa رضي الله عنه for safekeeping during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan  رضي الله عنه while the standardized copy of the Quran was being produced. It is indisputably thanks to Hafsa that the Quran was so beautifully preserved in both its oral and its written forms.

She was credited with the protection of the Holy Quran for all future generations. This important duty shows that if a woman was given the responsibility of safeguarding the very words of Allah, then women are certainly viewed highly by and respected in Islamic society.

Whenever Hafsa رضي الله عنه spoke, her words were few, but profound and deep. She learned a lot from the Prophet ﷺ , she taught many how to recite the Quran and she narrated around 60 hadiths (Islamic stories). Indeed, Hafsa  رضي الله عنه was a woman of great nobility and virtue, who protected the Quran until her death on the 41st or 45th after hijra.  

Sources:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOSRH9LLDSM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRfkl9KllRo

https://themuslimvibe.com/muslim-lifestyle-matters/women/10-inspirational-women-from-islamic-history

About the Author

Sherina Benito has years of experience as a Jurist Doctor, in the legislative department of a local government unit in the Philippines. With a BA in Law and passing the bar as a Sharia Lawyer in the Philippines, Sherina also co-authored a soon-to-be-published book, entitled “Thorns into Crown.” She lives with her mother and younger brother.

Instagram: https://instagram.com/the_overthinkween

Facebook @https://www.facebook.com/sheynbent

The post Hafsa, the Quran Protector appeared first on World Hijab Day.

On Friday, May 20th at 9:00 am Eastern, on our Facebook and YouTube channels, World Hijab Day Organization (WHD) will commemorate International Muslim History Month (IMHM) by presenting an educational and interactive  discussion on Muslim change-makers. This week’s talk will focus on individuals from history and current times related to Liberal Arts. Through this discussion, we will present the background of various individuals, recognizing what they were known for creating and what impact and legacy they leave on us to this day.

Our compelling speaker for this week will be Eman Eshmawy, MA, MUP, PhD AB.  Ms. Eshmawy is an adjunct Professor at Fordham University. She is also an urban designer/planner and infrastructure economist focusing on US and MENA region national policy.

 Emie has rotations at various federal agencies including the Library of Congress, State Department, and HUD. While in DC, Ms. Eshmawy assisted in rule-making regarding the mortgage crisis of 2008.


Ms. Eshmawy holds a Masters of Urban Planning from New York University and a Masters of Arts from the American University in Cairo. She has a BA in Political Science, History, and Global Studies from the University of Minnesota. Her research focuses on infrastructure economics and urban design in the Arab states.

This discussion is the third of a series of four. The remaining presentation will take place on Friday, May 27th, 2022, and will focus on Muslim Change Makers in Discovery (i.e., inventions, exploring & innovation).

Celebrating its second year of ‘International Muslim History Month,’ for the month of May 2022,  International Muslim History Month (IMHM) has already been recognized by the New York State in resolution J718. Our theme this year is Muslim Change Makers from Golden Age to Modern Times, using the hashtags: #HearOurHistory & #MuslimHistoryMonth. 

Founded in 2021 by Nazma Khan, the CEO and founder of World Hijab Day Organization, the mission of this initiative is to dismantle Islamophobia globally by celebrating Muslim history.  Worldwide, Islamophobia is at an all-time high from the public sector to the private sector and systematically apparent in the government sector.

• According to the American Muslim Poll 2020, 60% to 62 % of Muslims face discrimination in the United States of America. This number has been consistent for the last five years. [1]
• The 2020 Annual Report of Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) revealed that 61% of Muslim students have experienced religious-based bullying. Additionally, 33% of Muslim students have altered their appearance, behavior or names to hide the fact that they are Muslims. [2]
• A EU Minorities and Discrimination Survey found that on average, one in three Muslim respondents faced discrimination and prejudice in 2017 and 27% fell victim to a racist crime. [3]

WHD Organization holds the opinion that education and awareness are the sources to dismantling hate. The goal of this global initiative is to have the world come together to learn more about and celebrate the accomplishments of Muslim men and women from the past and the present who have shaped humanity as we know it.

Download the graphic package here. 

For the Social Media Toolkit, click here. 

For Community Guide, click here.  

Join the Facebook event here.  

Let’s dismantle Islamophobia globally by learning, honoring, and celebrating Muslim history!

For more information, visit https://worldhijabday.com/store/Muslimhistorymonth  

For media inquiries, please get in touch with us at info@worldhijabday.org 

References:

[1] ISPU. (2021, February 5). American Muslim Poll 2020: Full Report. Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. https://www.ispu.org/american-muslim-poll-2020-full-report/

[2] CAIR Massachusetts (2020). 2020 Annual Report, Council on American-Islamic Relations Massachusetts. https://www.cairma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CAIR-MA-2020-Annual-Report.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3bDAnWwc_LDTHEi1_txQAfUj-SJ6cTmltQBruwNxc1w0EfGf452Ysf8RA

[3] “Muslims in the EU: High levels of trust despite pervasive discrimination,” European Union Agency For Fundamental Rights, September 21, 2017. https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2017/muslims-eu-high-levels-trust-despite-pervasive-discrimination

The post Muslim change-makers in liberal arts appeared first on World Hijab Day.

It was during the Muslim army’s conquest of Al Sham (greater Syria) or “Seige of Damascus” in the 7th century AD that Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ companion and a commanding chief, Khalid Ibn Al Walid, noticed a warrior that stood out above the rest. In green and black uniform, this warrior bravely raided the Byzantine/Roman Army and with excellent swordsmanship at that. Khalid had said, “I wonder who this horseman is. By Allah! He appears to be quite daring and brave.”

This warrior was not just daring and brave, but he was, in fact, a she: Khawlah bint Al-Azwar, a woman in disguise. She was not only brave and victorious in her endeavors, but she was also considered a great beauty. Khawlah belonged to the Rashidun Caliphate. She was the daughter of one of the chiefs in the Banu Assad tribe. Her story began with her close bond with her older brother, an army general and poet named Dhiraar. Growing up, Dhiraar loved his little sister so much that he took her everywhere with him. He even taught her the skills of sword fighting. Khawlah also loved her older brother so much that she followed him into war! She initially nursed wounded and dying soldiers: “Many women are reported to have participated in the early wars of Islam…” said Remke Kruk, Emeritus Professor of Arabic at the University of Leiden and Author of “The Warrior Women of Islam.” It was not until after her brother became a prisoner of war that Khawlah decided to step into his shoes.

The famous historian, Al Waqidi (747-823AD) wrote about her in his book, “In a battle that took place in Beit Lahia near Ajnadin, Khalid [ibn Walid] watched a knight, in black attire, with a big green shawl wrapped around his waist and covering his chest. That knight broke through the Byzantine ranks like an arrow. Khalid and the others followed him and joined the battle. The mysterious warrior pounced on the enemy like a mighty hawk on a tiny sparrow in an attack that wreaked havoc in the Byzantine lines.”

In one of the battles, Khawlah’s horse was injured, leaving her defenseless against the Byzantine/Roman soldiers who took her as a prisoner of war. She was placed in a quarter with other women at the camp. The Byzantine/Roman general was so taken by Khawlah’s beauty that he wanted her all to himself. But, Khawlah had other, less exciting plans for him. She wasted no time in rallying up all of the women and encouraging them to join her in a fight against the guards. Together, the women defeated the camp guards and escaped.

After noticing Khawlah’s talents on the battlefields, Khalid Ibn Al Walid, Commanding Chief of the Prophet’s ﷺ army, demanded that she reveal her identity. Mind you, at that time, all of the warriors still did not know that this mysterious knight was a woman. After refusing to show her true identity at first,  she eventually surrendered, saying, “My prince, I did not answer because I am shy. You are a great leader, and I am only a woman whose heart is burning.” She went on to explain that she needed to rescue her brother who was taken as a prisoner by the Romans. Khalid immediately ordered his army to follow Khawlah’s lead and together, they not only fought and defeated the Byzantine/Roman Army, but they also saved Khawlah’s brother, Dhiraar.

Khawlah was one of the first Muslims in history and one of the first soldiers to defend Islam. However, she is just one example of the many warrior princesses who fought to defend Islam both on and off the battlefields. Naseebah Bint Ka’ab, a.k.a. Umm Umarah, was another such warrior princess, who joined her husband and two sons to protect the Prophet ﷺ from the enemies on the battlefield. The army was impressed by her sword skills. In return, the Prophet ﷺ said, “From where can anyone get courage like you oh Umm Umarah,” and he prayed that they would be friends in Paradise. Companion to Prophetﷺ, Umar ibn Al Khattab said, “On the day of Uhud, I heard theProphet ﷺ say, ‘Whenever I looked to the right or left I saw her fighting in front of me.’”After many battles, having been injured numerous times including having lost an arm, Umm Umarah eventually settled down and dedicated her life to educating the women of Medina on Qur’an and hadith.

Sources:

https://dbpedia.org/page/Khawlah_bint_al-Azwar

https://www.islamswomen.com/articles/khawlah_bint_al-azwar.php

https://sunnahonline.com/library/history-of-islam/357-umm-umara-the-prophets-shield-at-uhud

https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/the-rich-tales-of-women-who-went-to-war-1.176343

​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpYaKBfAfw4

About the Author

Rumki Chowdhury is Editor of World Hijab Day Organization. She is an award-winning published author. She has an MA in English Literature from Queen Mary University of London, a BA in English Writing from William Paterson University of New Jersey and an English Subject Teaching Degree from Gävle Högskolan in Stockholm, Sweden. She speaks Bengali and Swedish fluently! She has years of experience in the media and publishing worlds. Rumki lives with her husband and their three daughters.

Instagram and Facebook @rumkitheauthor

Twitter @rumkichowdhury

www.rumki.com

The post Khawla the Warrior Princess appeared first on World Hijab Day.