The hijab, when worn by women who also claim moral and political integrity, becomes a revealing prism. It exposes what democracy tolerates versus what it truly recognizes. The hijab is not merely attire; it is a test of pluralism, a marker of moral autonomy, and a lens through which the quiet mechanisms of delegitimization become visible. Hybrid regimes may celebrate inclusion in principle, yet the presence of integrity and faith together is often treated as inconvenient, even threatening.

Modern political theory reminds us that power extends beyond institutions. Weber (1922) traced legitimacy to collective belief, yet in hybrid democracies, belief itself can be instrumentalized, converted into a tool of control rather than a foundation of representation. Electoral rituals persist, while real decision-making retreats into closed elite circles, reflecting Michels’ (1911) “iron law of oligarchy.” Democracy appears pluralistic but is substantively narrowed.

Silent delegitimization is one of the most sophisticated instruments in this architecture. It does not expel formally, but strips authority quietly: practical power is eroded, support distorted, merit relativized, and isolation normalized. Bourdieu (1991) calls this symbolic power, domination exercised without coercion, internalized as normal.

The hijab intersects with these dynamics in striking ways. Women who embody moral integrity, visible religious identity, and political agency simultaneously disrupt multiple normative expectations. Formal institutions may celebrate transparency and inclusion, yet actors who operate outside clientelist networks and maintain independent moral authority threaten the very mechanisms by which elites reproduce themselves. Integrity is inconvenient, not immoral; it is structurally inconvenient. As Acemoglu and Robinson (2012) observe, institutions are often instruments of elite preservation, even under the guise of pluralism.

In Albania, these dynamics carry historical weight. The communist regime not only imposed state atheism; it interrupted the transmission of spiritual, cultural, and moral capital across generations. Moral authority outside the state was suspect. In such a landscape, the hijab does not simply signal personal faith—it disrupts inherited ideological expectations, exposing the unresolved trauma that continues to shape political perception. Faith becomes visible moral agency, a challenge to the carefully managed boundaries of recognition in public life.

This is not merely procedural politics. It is an epistemic struggle over which forms of knowledge, symbolism, and moral authority are permitted in democratic discourse. The hijab forces the question: what does democracy recognize when pluralism is nominally guaranteed but substantively constrained?

Gender intensifies the stakes. Kanter’s (1977) notion of tokenism reminds us that women are often included symbolically, not substantively. When a woman embodies moral authority and visible faith, she confronts structural, cultural, and symbolic resistance simultaneously. Intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1989) compounds the vulnerability: overlapping identities trigger exclusion when they challenge dominant narratives. Social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) further suggests that strong moral identities are seen as destabilizing in systems favoring normative uniformity, particularly in post-totalitarian contexts where autonomous authority has historically been suppressed.

Psychologically, silent exclusion produces uncertainty, cognitive dissonance, and pressures toward self-censorship. Seligman’s (1975) learned helplessness captures the erosion of agency; yet Bandura (1997) reminds us that self-efficacy—the persistent articulation of truth despite systemic resistance—is a form of resilience. The hijab, in this sense, becomes more than religious attire: it is a site of resistance, an assertion of integrity in the face of invisible constraints.

Hybrid democracies tolerate difference only when it does not threaten entrenched power. The hijab exposes the invisible walls of this tolerated pluralism. It reveals how democracy can maintain appearances while quietly policing moral and intellectual boundaries. To analyze these mechanisms is not an act of confrontation but a necessity: understanding them reveals the limits of recognition, the fragility of pluralism, and the invisible architecture that preserves the status quo.

In the end, the hijab is a lens, a challenge, and a mirror. It asks whether our democracies truly recognize integrity and moral authority, or whether they tolerate only what does not disturb the existing order. The question it poses is urgent: if visible faith becomes a test of legitimacy, what does that reveal about the fragility and promise of contemporary democracy?

References:

• Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. (2012). Why Nations Fail. Crown Publishing.
• Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. W.H. Freeman.
• Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Symbolic Power. Harvard University Press.
• Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex. University of Chicago Legal Forum.
• Kanter, R. M. (1977). Men and Women of the Corporation. Basic Books.
• Michels, R. (1911). Political Parties. Free Press.
• Seligman, M. (1975). Helplessness. Freeman.
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1979). An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict.
• Weber, M. (1922). Economy and Society. University of California Press.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Edlira Dyrmishaj is a clinical psychologist, municipal council member, and parliamentary candidate advocating for the dignity and civic inclusion of women of faith. Her work explores the intersection of psychology, religion, and power, challenging structural discrimination while amplifying the voices of intellectual yet under-recognized Muslim women in political life. Through scholarship and public leadership, she advances dignity not only as a moral principle, but as a transformative force in democratic representation.

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Translated and edited by Rumki Chowdhury

Bangladeshi-Norwegian, now residing in Sweden, Nisha Begum, proudly wore the hijab or headscarf on February 1st, to show her solidarity with millions of hijabi women, worldwide!

“I celebrate World Hijab Day to show my support for the hijabi women who wear hijab,” Nisha said. “World Hijab Day is an initiative, I think, in counteracting Islamophobia and prejudice in society. Hijab, hijabi women and their faith are often misunderstood without knowledge of its history or meaning.”

She explained how wearing the hijab for one day gives her a fresh perspective on what it is like to walk in the shoes of the hijabi woman. She described the experience as both different and positive.

“It gave me the insight that what is different does not need to be met with anxiety, but rather can arouse curiosity and understanding. This day highlights a multicultural society and emphasizes freedom of choice. What a person chooses to wear or believe in is their own private matter. And therefore, it should be met with more recognition rather than fear.

“More women should wear hijab for one day just to see what it is like. It can help reduce prejudices,” she said.  “Everyone has different stories. The scarf is about more than what you see.”

She expressed how she reflected on Islam and how misconstrued one’s perspective can become due to misleading media propaganda. Nisha believes that this type of propaganda can also disrupt one’s yearning to learn more about something new. She said that in seeing and hearing what is said about Muslims, Islam and hijab via media as in TV, radio and film, it may make the viewer feel like they know enough not to ask questions, when in fact, they know very little to nothing about Muslims, Islam and hijab.

“Hijab is not just a piece of clothing. It is a personal choice and is closely linked to one’s own identity and faith,” she said.

“For me, it is important to support this commitment and I also want to contribute to counteracting Islamophobia and prejudice in society.

“Women all around Sweden celebrated World Hijab Day. For example, some university students held a gathering at their Muslim Students Organization on campus; Muslimah SV, a non-profit for networking among Muslim women, passed out roses at a local mosque, and women were simply hugging and wishing each other “Happy World Hijab Day.

“I have always had great respect for women who wear the scarf, but trying it myself gave me a clearer understanding of what it can mean to live with it every day.”

Nisha encourages others to try the hijab.

And one does not have to wait until the 1st of February to get the chance to try it on. You can do it any day you wish. Also,World Hijab Day Organization has another initiative called “Hijab30 Challenge,” whereby a woman can try wearing the hijab the entire month of Ramadan.

About the Author:

Krista Sirviö is a Swedish Muslim who has many years of experience working within the Swedish media.

About the Editor:

Rumki Chowdhury is the editor of World Hijab Day Organization. She is also an award-winning published author, poet, and journalist. Her experiences expand across the following branches: media, book publishing and academics. She has an English Teaching Degree from the Gävle Högskola in Sweden, a Masters in English Literature from Queen Mary University of London and a Bachelor´s Degree in English Writing from William Paterson University of New Jersey.

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14th Annual World Hijab Day® to Take Place on February 1, 2026

Theme: #UnityInHijab

January 8, 2026—The World Hijab Day Organization (WHDO) is proud to announce the 14th annual World Hijab Day® (WHD), taking place on February 1, 2026, under the powerful theme #UnityInHijab. This global event invites people of all backgrounds to stand in solidarity with Muslim women who choose to wear the hijab and to challenge the prejudice and misconceptions they often face because of this choice.

Founded in 2013 by social activist Nazma Khan, WHD is observed in over 150 countries and has become a movement advocating for religious freedom, women’s rights, and cultural understanding. This year’s theme, #UnityInHijab, centers on the strength found in collective identity and shared humanity. It calls on people of all backgrounds to stand together in solidarity, celebrate diversity, and support one another in the face of discrimination.

“At a time when hijabi women continue to face division, discrimination, and misunderstanding across the globe, #UnityInHijab represents our collective strength and shared humanity,” said Nazma Khan, Founder and CEO of the World Hijab Day Organization (WHDO). “This theme calls on us to stand together across cultures, communities, and beliefs, to uplift one another, challenge prejudice, and build solidarity rooted in respect, dignity, and inclusion.”

The event will include:

• Virtual and In-Person Discussions: Featuring hijabi women sharing their experiences and addressing challenges such as workplace discrimination, media representation, and educational access.
• Online Campaigns: Encouraging people to wear the hijab for a day and share their experiences using the hashtags  #UnityInHijab and #WorldHijabDay. 
• Workshops and Webinars: Aimed at fostering dialogue around the hijab and promoting inclusivity in schools, workplaces, and communities.
• Global Pledge for Religious Freedom: Participants will be encouraged to sign a pledge advocating for the right of all individuals to practice their faith freely. Find the pledge here. 
• Online Publication: Women are encouraged to submit their experiences with hijab, in writing, to https://worldhijabday.com/share-your-articles/  for publication on the World Hijab Day Organization blog. Additionally, women are also invited to share their hijab experiences at https://worldhijabday.com/share-your-hijab-story/ to be featured across social media platforms to inspire and educate others. 

The World Hijab Day Organization (WHDO) invites schools, corporations, and communities to participate by hosting events, wearing the hijab in solidarity, and engaging in meaningful conversations to promote mutual understanding.

For more information, event registration, or resources to host a WHD event, visit www.worldhijabday.org. Join us on social media @WorldHijabDay to follow the conversation and contribute to the movement with #UnityInHijab and #WorldHijabDay. 

About World Hijab Day Organization

The World Hijab Day Organization (WHDO) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to dismantling misconceptions about the hijab and promoting religious freedom, an understanding of, and respect for Muslim women. WHD aims to foster a world where every woman can choose her attire without the fear of discrimination.

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For media inquiries, interviews, or additional details, please contact: info@worldhijabday.org

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Although most individuals would relate the Hijab to clothing, there is much more to it than the physical look.

It shows a spiritual bond between a Muslim woman and Allah and her choice to live with decency and with self-respect.

To millions of Muslim women worldwide, the Hijab is a constant demonstration of their religion, a statement of identity of what they are and what they believe in. When Can a Woman Take Off Her Hijab?

With trends being a catalyst of the modern world, the Hijab is a classic symbol of religious faith and moral power.

The Hijab as an Expression of Faith

The first and most important role of the Hijab in Muslim identity is that it represents obedience to Allah’s command. The Holy Quran clearly mentions the principle of modesty for both men and women:

“And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and guard their chastity and not to display their beauty except what is apparent thereof, and to draw their veils over their bosoms.” (Surah An-Nur, 24:31)

Wearing the Hijab, a Muslim woman willingly makes her life choices in line with the divine regulations. It turns into a kind of ibadah (worship), a kind of daily reminder of her faith and spiritual boundary, which helps her sustain her relationship with Allah. The Hijab does not coerce her, but is her decision in itself, that is, it is an act of conviction rather than coercion.

Identity in a Diverse World

Nowadays, personal identity is formed by beliefs, values, and apparent signs in the global and multicultural society. The Hijab is important in creating and maintaining Islamic identity amongst Muslim women. It identifies them as the Islam adherents and gives them a silent but very effective message of faith everywhere they are.

By wearing the Hijab, a woman publicly informs herself as a believer. This exposure may be empowering and challenging. Empowering – since it will enable her to live honestly, not concealing her ideologies.

Difficult – since she can experience bias or confusion. However, despite such obstacles, there are still numerous Muslim women who wear the Hijab with pride proving that their sense of faith is more powerful than the social pressure to conform.

The Hijab as a Symbol of Empowerment

Hijab is not the symbol of oppression as it is commonly believed. Instead, it is a statement of freedom of the unrealistic beauty ideals of society. In a world where women are mostly evaluated based on their looks, the Hijab enables a woman to be assessed based on her wisdom and personality rather than her physical attractiveness.

It is their own choice – a voluntary denial of objectification and a way to say that they determine their value. The Hijab is therefore a form of empowerment to them, that makes them feel better and asserts their dignity.

Hijab and Cultural Diversity

The Hijab has no single color, design or tradition. Whether it is the abaya of the Gulf or the dupatta of South Asia, or the turban-like Hijab of Africa and Europe, Muslim women in various parts of the world express their religion, the way they do so being in a variety of modest clothing.

These differences show that Hijab is not about uniformity but about intent. It is the same goal, but the same goal: modesty, faith, and respect. The Islamic religion is beautiful in the sense that it gives some flexibility in terms of culture without sacrificing the universal factor of modesty.

By doing so, the Hijab brings Muslim women on board in other continents. It brings them together with a common religion and honors their cultural diversity, which brings a powerful global Muslim identity.

Hijab in the Face of Stereotypes

However, regrettably the Hijab has been misinterpreted by other societies, which are not Muslims. It is even regarded as a symbol of retrogression or repression. These stereotypes are based on misconceptions as a result of media discrimination or political interests.

But Muslim women all over the world are busy transforming this story. Doctors, engineers, athletes, entrepreneurs and many more are examples of women who wear the Hijab and have been successful in all their careers, thereby validating the misconception that Hijab restricts progressive growth. Rather, it demonstrates that religion and work life may go hand in hand.

Once the Muslim woman is successful wearing the Hijab, she is not only becoming a spokesperson on her own behalf, but also enhancing the perception of Islam to others. The success of her da’wah is a silent invitation to understanding the faith.

The Spiritual Impact of Hijab

There is also a profound spiritual enigma attached to the Hijab, in addition to identity and empowerment. It reminds the believer that she is here to live a life that is pleasing to Allah. It breeds humility, patience and self-discipline – these are the core of Islam.

The wearing of the Hijab makes a woman conscious of her actions, words and communication. It stimulates her to be pure inside, to have modesty outside. So, Hijab is not only an outward performance, but it is a manifestation of inner spirituality.

Men’s Role and Responsibility

Talking about Hijab cannot possibly be complete without referring to the role of men in Islam. The Quran commands men to lower their gaze first and then women to wear Hijab. The concept of modesty is a duty in Islam. Men should honor women, check their conduct and make a society where women are allowed to practice their faith without fear and reproach.

When men meet their obligation, the atmosphere of modesty is full – balanced, respectful and safe to each.

Hijab in the Modern Era

The Hijab still continues to be worn in a fashionable way in the modern world, but not losing its spiritual value. With the emergence of social media, modest-fashion influencers have appeared who unite faith and creativity and demonstrate that it is not opposites to be modern and modest.

Muslim women are showing the world every day that Hijab fits the modern lifestyle, whether they are on the international runaway or classrooms and offices. They put it on their shoulders, and they balance between education, work, and religion and show that the real identity is not imitation, but devotion.

Conclusion: A Mark of Honor and Devotion

The Hijab has been a classic symbol of faith, modesty, and identity. It links Muslim women to their Creator, community and their conscience. Bravery, honor and faith are in every corner of the cloth. If you want to learn more about islam then you must join an online Quran academy.

Wearing a Hijab means to say that I am part of Allah. It is to walk in faith even though the world does not understand. The Hijab is not just some cover, it is a crown – a symbol of pride that characterizes the Muslim woman and her gorgeous association with Allah.

ABOUT AUTHOR

Noor Fatima, an Islamic blogger who writes from the heart. Her journey began with a simple thought — that faith isn’t only about big moments, but also about the small, quiet choices we make every day. Through her blog, she shares reflections on Qur’an, Sunnah, and life itself, hoping to create a space where words can touch hearts, spark hope, and remind us all of the beauty in walking closer to Allah.

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Exploring the World’s Sacred Sites

Finding a journey that renovates the heart and brings you closer to religion? Then, a pilgrimage to holy places is the right one. A pilgrimage provides such reflections, serenity, and a second opportunity with religion. Pilgrimages to the holy cities are particularly rewarding for Muslims. With a planned pilgrimage, you can explore the world with ease. You can do this sacred pilgrimage at your convenience. If your umrah visa allows, you can also visit Saudi Arabia’s Most Iconic  Landmarks,anyway you desire and as you desire. Your journey will be free of hassle. All your arrangements–stay and flight–are being reserved so that you can have your spiritual pilgrimage at leisure.

Let us explore the most popular Islamic destinations all over the world. These places have some religious importance in the minds of Muslims. When you visit these holy places, your soul will be filled with peace and diversity.

Fez, Morocco

Al-Karaouine Mosque is a very surreal and soothing place in the Fez University town. It’s the world’s oldest university. The city itself is referred to as the ‘city of saints.’ The reason is that many awliya blessed this beautiful city. The majority of them are indicated by mosques constructed in their memory.

Istanbul

This is one of the sights to see as a tourist for its heritage, but Istanbul is so much more than we can even dream about! Istanbul is the intellectual, political, and spiritual capital of Ottoman life, the longest-lived continuously living Caliphate of Islamic history.

Mecca & Medina- Saudi Arabia

Mecca (or Makkah) and Medina (or Madinah), Islam’s sacred cities, are our holy places to us Muslims everywhere. Our holy Kaaba and Masjid al-Haram are in Mecca. Here, our dearest Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) lives. He (PBUH) persuades Muslims to visit and perform Hajj, one of their five pillars of Islam. If you want to transform your life, you should perform Hajj, a holy pilgrimage and thus, a spiritual journey. Medina has such peace that you can’t find in the entire universe, as it’s the homeland of the Prophet (PBUH)’s Mosque. As a faith seeker, you will have a place where you can pray and reflect.

Al-Quds

Al-Quds or Jerusalem is the hub of the three Abrahamic faiths and one of the most sacred cities on earth. You can’t come here and not remember Abraham’s family’s common heritage. There is no place on the earth where this is more easily discernible than at Harem el-Sharif. Muslims should visit Al-Aqsa Mosque in the current times. What is happening in Palestine fills Muslims’ hearts with sorrow. But that should not stop us from visiting the holiest city in Islam, apart from Mecca and Medina!

Cairo

This city is an epitome of history, just like Fez. Its sites and monuments are holistically meaningful to all of humanity. The pyramids are a reminder of the history of Prophet Musa (PBUH) and Prophet Yusuf (PBUH). They show us their resistance against the pharaohs.  

Cairo will be among the busiest learning centres in the Islamic world. Here, you can find Islamic scholars from the rest of the world coming together to learn about Islamic history, the Arabic language and Quranic recitation. The most renowned of these learning centres is Al-Azhar University!

Mount Sinai

The Sinai Desert is a region of great history and geography. It meets in the town of St. Kathrine at the base of Mount Sinai.

That is where Prophet Musa (PBUH) went to ascend to be endowed with the ten commandments by Allah. It’s ransom-worthy to the Muslim mind. You’d stand a chance to study in a climate that was eager to teach the tradition in its original form. Out of the hearts of these individuals who had been blessed with this Deen?

Andalusia

Located in the South of Spain today. This state is a testament to the existence of Islam in the Western world. An eye-opener on the fact that Islam has and can conquer anywhere on the earth! Andalusia’s many mosques, its palaces and beautiful gardens, are testaments to how beautiful our religion makes a country look!

Mauritania

Mauritania is a location where you have always wished to behold yourself. So much so that it is an academy and the home to dozens of religious scholars. This country will leave you as off the beaten path as you can get from the usual tourist trail. But the benefit of not being on the beaten path is plentiful!

Final Words

There are many sacred places of a different kind. But all these places share something in common, in how they personify the human heart by making our heads remember Allah’s greatness through reflection on the signs of Allah in this life. We pray and hope that we are strengthened in our Imaan and closer to our Rabb.

Note: PBUH stands for “Peace Be Upon Him,” often repeated after the mention of the holy prophets of Islam.

ABOUT AUTHOR 

Noor Fatima, an Islamic blogger who writes from the heart. Her journey began with a simple thought — that faith isn’t only about big moments, but also about the small, quiet choices we make every day. Through her blog, she shares reflections on Qur’an, Sunnah, and life itself, hoping to create a space where words can touch hearts, spark hope, and remind us all of the beauty in walking closer to Allah.

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On Saturday morning, March 22nd, a Canadian-Muslim Hijabi woman walked into Ajax Public Library in Ontario, and was verbally and physically attacked by a complete stranger. This incident is just one case among the approximate 50-80% (depending on the country) rise in Islamophobic and Hijabophobic attacks worldwide, just this past year.

Among the G7 nations, Canada is the leading nation in Islamophobia-related deaths in the past seven years, according to Omar Khamissa, the National Council of Canadian Muslims  (NCCM) Chief Operating Officer.  

“What happened on Saturday could’ve easily increased that number,” Khamissa said at a press conference held on Monday, March 24th. “Canadians need to know this, they need to know this especially right now as we’re in an election cycle.”

The victim of Islamophobia and Hijabophobia, pleaded with library security for intervention and they did try to help until Police arrived. The Durham Regional Police Force (DTPS) arrived at Ajax Public Library around noon, immediately questioning the victim, who remains anonymous. DTPS, then, arrested the perpetrator, 25-year-old Kaley-Ann Freieron, and charged her with two counts of assault with a weapon (a lighter) and three counts of failure to comply with a probation order. Freier is currently in custody awaiting a bail hearing.

DTPS released a statement: “The female began yelling profanities at the victim and throwing objects at her head…. The suspect fled the library but was located by officers a few hours later and taken into custody without incident…. Under the Criminal Code of Canada, investigators are required to consult with the Crown Attorney’s office to determine whether the evidence meets the legal threshold for hate to be considered a factor.”

Nevertheless, NCCM is asking DTPS to identify this incident as a “hate crime.”

The victim released a statement in which she expressed her fear for her own daughters, who also wear hijab and are growing up in an Islamophobic and Hijabophobic society. Fatema Abdalla, an advocacy officer with the NCCM, read the victim’s statement out loud at the press conference:

“Since that day, I haven’t been able to sleep properly…. Every time I close my eyes, the incident replays over and over again. I toss and turn, gripped by my fear…. I keep asking myself ‘Why, why would someone attack me for just peacefully sitting there?’ I can’t stop thinking, ‘What if the lighter had worked? What if my hijab had caught on fire?’ I never imagined that a visit to my favorite, quiet corner of the library would turn into one of the most terrifying moments of my life.”

On his X account, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney (Liberal Party) said, “This type of violence is not an isolated incident. Islamophobia is real, it is dangerous, and it must stop. I offer my support and prayers to the victim of this terrible act and am relieved that the police acted quickly and made an arrest.”

Similarly, New Democratic Party leader, Jagmeet Singh, wrote on his X account: “This hate-motivated attack is a reminder that divisive rhetoric is a stain on our country and not part of our Canadian values. My heart goes out to the victim, her family, and the Muslim community. I stand with you.”

About the Author:

Rumki Chowdhury is the Editor of the World Hijab Day Organization. She holds a Masters of English Literature from the Queen Mary University of London and a Bachelors in English Writing from William Paterson University of New Jersey. She holds the honor of being an award-winning published author and poet who has experience in the worlds of publishing, media and academia. Moreover, she is married and is a blessed mother of three daughters.

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I left my home country, Pakistan, to build a new life in Europe in 2008. Like anyone starting fresh in a new place, I wanted to fit in and be accepted by society where I would be part of. Dressing like those around me felt like the first natural step. I thought wearing my traditional clothes would make me look uneducated, outdated and most of all – an outsider – when all I wanted was to belong.

I could never imagine being offered a job or making new friends while dressed in my traditional attire. Somehow, I doubted my intelligence and abilities, and most of all, I doubted my faith, thinking that following my religious beliefs would be a hurdle on the path to worldly success.

The whole time, I was consumed by feelings of being an imposter, forced into a role that misrepresented my true self, hiding this from the world, while simultaneously living with the fear of eventually being found out. I had a strong urge to be myself, but at the same time, I was anxious about how people would react once I changed my appearance. Because in today’s world, openly declaring yourself as a Muslim is not an easy task and takes courage.

– How will people perceive me?
– Will they treat me differently?
– What will they ask, and how will I answer those questions?
– Will I be strong enough, brave enough?
– Will I feel confident enough in my own skin?

Then, in 2021, I finally gathered the courage to put my fears aside and take the step to start covering my head. That’s when I told myself: Whatever may be, whatever may come, I will face it.

Putting on the hijab is a part of my faith, but for me, this act meant openly accepting and announcing my true identity to the world. And I was lucky I received an overwhelmingly positive response to this change.

My Muslim friends congratulated me for taking this step, telling me how proud they were of me. And how they hoped they could do the same one day.

As for my non-Muslims friends and co-workers, some remained completely silent about the change, as if nothing had happened. Their behaviour toward me didn’t change, which was comforting, of course, because I was still the same person.

Others were curious and asked questions. And I felt proud of myself for being able to answer them confidently without feeling shame or guilt.

In the end, it’s not about expecting others to agree with you. It’s about standing your truth and hoping they will accept and respect you for who you are.

I am my true self now since I started covering my head. I feel complete, happy and more confident. And for me, this is just the first step in claiming my place in this world. There are still many challenges that I and other Muslim women face in Western society. Many of us are often hesitant to talk about it openly, however, we can tackle these problems one at a time and make things better for Muslim women.

Now being a part of a society that embraces open-mindedness, which allows me to express my true self within a community that values and celebrates diversity and inclusivity, and where, despite our differences, we can still live and work together harmoniously – I am truly grateful!

On #WorldHijabDay, I’ve decided to share my story publicly, not just for myself, but for every woman who has ever questioned whether she could truly be herself.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

Amal Shakeb is a Strategic Marketing Communication specialist of Pakistani origin, based in the Netherlands. She is passionate about creating awareness around mental health & well-being and is a strong advocate for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI).

IG: Amalshakeb
LinkedIn: Amal-shakeb

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Wearing the hijab is a religious obligation in Islam, not merely a religious or political symbol, as often portrayed by those advocating for its ban. This commitment is not conditioned by any specific public place, as the nature of Islamic teaching does not recognize the separation or division of the life of Muslims who practice their faith. This is a fact on which Islamic scholars have agreed both in the past and present, and it has been confirmed by Muslim experts across all parts of the world.

Despite Western civilisation’s legal commitments to gender and religious equality, Europe still exhibits a low tolerance for Muslim dress practices. France has led in restricting it, banning the hijab in institutions and later prohibiting face coverings in public. The United Kingdom (UK) stands as a traditional European opponent to the French model of laicism. In the UK, wearing the hijab is allowed in public schools and the workplace. Meanwhile, some authoritarian Muslim-majority states impose conservative dress codes on women. Bosnia and Herzegovina, with its indigenous Muslim population, is trying to find its own path between secularism and religiosity, through legislative measures increasingly leaning toward a form of secularism.

Unveiling Gender Disparities in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a secular state. Its legal framework, established under the Dayton Agreement, guarantees religious freedom and the separation of religion and state. However, religion plays a significant role in society and politics due to the country’s diverse religious landscape, which includes Islam, Orthodox Christianity, Catholicism, and others.

Historically, the hijab in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been a personal choice, generally accepted as part of Muslim women’s cultural and religious expression. However, during the Socialist Bosnia and Herzegovina rule (1945–1992), outward displays of religious symbols were restricted due to the state’s emphasis on secularism and socialism. The Women’s Antifascist Front launched a campaign in 1947 against the hijab, deeming it an obstacle to women’s emancipation. This culminated in a law enacted on 27 September 1950, prohibiting the wearing of the zar and feredža (traditional veils). After the 1990s, the practice of face-covering in Bosnia and Herzegovina resurfaced, prompting legal debates. Under the pretext of addressing the “Muslim question”, the practices in European states, and security concerns, the parliamentary caucus of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats proposed the enactment of a law prohibiting the wearing of clothing that prevented identification. After the draft law was not adopted, the issue of the niqab was no longer addressed. The focus shifted to headscarves in public spaces in two contexts: within the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina; and after the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council of BiH’s decision banning religious symbols and the practice of faith during working hours in the judiciary.

Challenging Norms: One Woman’s Fight for Faith and Identity
Emela Mujanović’s struggle has been ongoing for more than ten years. After joining the Armed Forces of BiH in 2008, Mujanović attended military training in Greece as a non-commissioned officer later deciding to wear the hijab. She adapted it to blend seamlessly with her uniform, wearing an olive-coloured headscarf that was barely noticeable. Despite this, she was prevented from performing her duties, leading to lawsuits in 2012 and 2020, following an appeal filed with the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina after the case was conclusively resolved,

On 11 July 2024, Bosnia’s Constitutional Court ruled that prohibiting the displaying of religious symbols in the Armed Forces of BiH did not violate Mujanović’s right to religious expression. Citing the European Court of Human Rights precedent, it justified the ban as a necessary measure in a democratic society and dismissed claims of discrimination. However, Judge Mirsad Ćeman dissented, arguing that the ruling failed to demonstrate how a headscarf could infringe on the rights of others. He noted that the undercap, which is already part of the uniform, closely resembles a headscarf, making the ban unnecessary. Judge Ćeman stated, “Due to the wrong premise they started from, they ultimately made the decision they did”.

Judicial Policies and the Challenge of Religious Freedom
The HJPC’s controversial decision banning religious symbols relied on legal provisions, particularly the Article 13 of the Law on Courts in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which states: “Judges and court officials are not permitted to display any religious, political, national, or other affiliation while performing their official duties. Symbols of religious, political, national, or other affiliation must not be displayed on court buildings or within court premises”.

The Conclusion authorises courts to assess and decide in each individual case whether it is necessary to limit the right to freedom of manifesting religion, concerning parties and third parties. This stance towards third parties has already been ruled discriminatory, in Hamidović v. Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Islamic Community recognised the ban as a strike against wearing the hijab and raised an objection, citing discrimination. The subsequent debate focused media attention on the status of Muslim women. The HJPC’s Conclusion was interpreted, both by the authority of political functions and the authority of academic titles and institutions where they are employed, as a violation of the right to religious expression, and discrimination against women who wear the hijab.

Conclusion
Wearing the headscarf in public spaces is integral to the right to freedom of religion. This right is seriously threatened in several European countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country with a majority Muslim population, it has not yet chosen its path. The silence of the public – aside from a few political points that representatives of certain parties have attempted to score – amounts to tacit approval of the current tendency to restrict the right to wear the headscarf. Expanding such a ban would significantly affect the daily lives of women. Negative values, judgments, or prejudices regarding the headscarf, as expressed by the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council in its imposition of the de facto ban, form the justification for its conclusion. The correct policy would ensure that wearing the headscarf is a matter of personal choice, not a requirement imposed by families or religious communities, but it should not go further than that.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

Dr. Amila Svraka – Imamović, Doctor of Legal Sciences and Senior Teaching and Research Assistant , University of Sarajevo – Faculty of Law. Her interests are topics of legal history, Sharia law, freedom of religion or belief, with an emphasis on the right to wear the hijab. She is the author of an article that discusses the practice of wearing the hijab in France, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Bosnia and Herzegovina: Freedom of Religion or Belief
FB: amila.svrakaimamovic.7

The post Hijab, Gender, and Justice: A Bosnian Perspective on Discrimination appeared first on World Hijab Day.

For so many Muslim women, the hijab is more than just a piece of cloth—it’s a deeply personal, multifaceted decision tied to identity, faith, and empowerment. My hijab story is marked by discovery, struggle, and conviction. Today, I want to share my journey with you in hopes that it inspires reflection, resilience, and perhaps even connection.

How It All Began
I first put on the hijab at 13 years old. Nobody in my family wore it at the time, making me the first to take the leap. My best friend had just returned from Umrah, deeply moved by the experience, and had started wearing the hijab herself. Watching her make this commitment sparked something within me.

For me, the hijab made sense. I didn’t like drawing the attention of men and felt that wearing it would make my life easier. It gave me a sense of comfort and control over how I presented myself to the world. Still, being the first in my family to wear it wasn’t always easy. Questions and awkward stares acted like small roadblocks, but they didn’t shake the deeper meaning the hijab gave me.

The Crisis
Like many journeys, though, mine wasn’t without challenges.

Growing up Muslim while facing Islamophobia exposed me to subtle and overt forms of exclusion, judgment, and fear. Over time, the weight of these encounters began to build, eventually leading me to question how I wanted to be seen in the world—how I could be seen and understood. At one point, I felt compelled to take off my hijab.

For four long months, I walked away from something that had been such a vital part of my identity. I longed for relief, for a sense of anonymity, but instead, I felt like I had lost myself. When I looked in the mirror, I didn’t recognize the person staring back. Something fundamental was missing. I didn’t realize until then just how much the hijab was intertwined with my self-perception and gratitude toward my faith.

How It Ended
Healing my discomfort with my identity wasn’t an overnight process—it required patience, reflection, and a lot of faith. But as I started addressing my anxieties and reconciling my relationship with the world around me, the hijab became a natural next step. This time, it felt entirely mine.

When I donned it again, I did so with stronger conviction. It was no longer about what anyone else thought—it was my choice, reinforced by a love and gratitude for my Creator. Now, the hijab feels empowering. It’s not just something I wear; it’s an extension of my faith and an expression of my love for Allah.

My Advice
To anyone considering wearing the hijab, whether you’re young or older, here’s what I’d like to share:

• • Wear it for the right reason. The hijab isn’t just about covering your head; it’s an act of devotion. Wear it to please Allah, not for societal expectations.
  • Focus on the spiritual beauty. Rather than thinking of the hijab as a restriction, see it as an opportunity to strengthen your bond with your Creator.
  • Make it your decision. The hijab is a personal choice—one that should feel empowering, not forced. Take your time to introspect and decide what feels right for you.

For me, the hijab is a reflection of my deep gratitude and love toward Allah. It helps me walk through the world in alignment with my values of modesty, faith, and authenticity.
Final Thoughts

The hijab symbolizes so much more than an outward expression of modesty. It’s a profound reminder of who I am, where I’ve been, and the principles guiding my life. Every person’s hijab story is unique, and our collective experience strengthens the beautiful tapestry of our Muslim community.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

Asma is a leadership expert and renowned professional coach, who integrates Islamic spirituality and strategic coaching to empower leaders in personal and professional growth.

The post Embracing Identity: The Story of My Hijab appeared first on World Hijab Day.